Chapter 3 Application Software

 The assignment from
Mr Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc. 

True/False Mark T for True and F for False.
__F_  1. The categories of application software are mutually exclusive. (142)
_ T__  2. Public-domain software is available to the public for a fee. (143)
__F__ 3. To click a button on the screen requires moving the pointer to the button and then pressing and holding down a button on the mouse (usually the right mouse button). (144) (It’s ususally left button)
__T_  4. A dialog box is a window that provides information, presents available options, or requests a response. (145)
__T_  5. A font is a name assigned to a specific design of characters. (149)
__T_ 6. In a spreadsheet program, a function is a predefined formula that performs common calculations such as adding the
values in a group of cells or generating a value such as the time or date. (151)
__T__ 7. Computer-aided design (CAD) software is a sophisticated type of application software that assists a professional user
in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs. (160)
__F__ 8. Image stitching is the process of adjusting or enhancing image colors and/or adding special effects such as shadows
and glows. (161)  (Image stitching is the process of combining multiple images into a larger image.)
__T__ 9. Although many word processing programs include desktop publishing (DTP) software features, users often prefer to
create DTP documents using DTP software because of its enhanced features. (168)
__T__ 10. Some Web sites require you to download software in order to run their Web applications. (172)
__T__ 11. Some communications software is considered system software because it works with hardware and transmission
media. (174)
__F_ 12. An RSS aggregator includes time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse
chronological order. (174)  ( Keeps track of changes made to Web sites by checking RSS feeds)
Multiple Choice Select the best answer.
1. __A__ is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.(142)
a. Packaged software                       b. A Web application
c. Open source software                 d. Custom software
2. __A__ is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit. (156)
a. A software suite                           b. Shareware
c. Packaged software                      d. Custom software
3. ___B__ allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze  the events, resources, and costs of a project. (157)
a. Accounting software
b. Project management software
c. CAD software
d. Document management software
4. ___C__ software provides a means for sharing, distributing,  and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. (158)
a. Database
b. Portable Document Format (PDF)
c. Document management
d. Word processing
5. ___C__ helps home and small business users create newsletters, brochures, advertisements, postcards, greeting cards, letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos, and Web pages. (168)
a. Blogware
b. A personal information manager
c. Personal DTP software
d. Note taking software
6. With ___B__, you can view, organize, sort, catalog, print, and share digital photos. (169)
a. spreadsheet software
b. photo management software
c. clip art
d. desktop publishing software
7. A(n) ___C__ is an online area where users have written discussions. (174)
a. FTP program
b. text message
c. newsgroup/message board
d. Web browser
8. __B___ is the electronic equivalent of a user manual. (175)
a. Web-based training            b. Online Help
c. E-learning                               d. Distance learning
Matching Match the terms with their definitions
__F__ 1. button (144)                                    a. popular file format that document management software   uses to save converted documents
__E__ 2. window (144)                                  b. the process of transferring an item from a clipboard to a  specific location in a document
__J__ 3. title bar (144)                                   c. Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet
__B__ 4. pasting (149)                                    d. intersection of a row and column in a spreadsheet
__D__ 5. cell (151)                                           e. rectangular area of the screen that displays data and information
__L__ 6. database (153)                                 f. small symbol on the screen that moves as you move the mouse
__A___ 7. PDF (158)                                        g. simplified accounting program that helps home users and small office/home office users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, set up budgets, manage home inventory, track investments, and evaluate financial plans
__G__ 8. personal finance                            h. text that appears at the bottom of every page software (166)                                                 i. graphical image activated to cause a specific action to occur
__K__ 9. online banking                                j. horizontal space that contains the window’s name (166)                                                                   k. offers access to account balances, provides bill payment services, and allows you to download monthly transactions and statements from the Web directly to your computer
__C__ 10. Web app (172)                               l. collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

7 Most Beautiful Bridges Around The World

7 Jembatan Terindah di Dunia

Jembatan biasanya di bangun dengan tujuan untuk menghubungkan dua tempat yang terpisah oleh sungai maupun jurang dan lautan. Jembatan dibangun dengan perhitungan yang sangat panjang, jadi tidak sembarang orang di percaya untuk mendirikan suatu jembatan. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar kekokohan sebuah jembatan tetap terjaga. Untuk di beberapa negara tidak hanya kekokohan tetapi keindahan juga diutamakan.

1. Banpo Bridge (Korea Selatan)

Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

The assignment from
Mr Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc. 

1. How Did the Internet Evolve?
The Internet, also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. The Internet has its roots in ARPANET, a network started in 1969 to link scientific and academic researchers across the United States. In 1986, the National Science Foundation connected its huge network, called NSFnet, to ARPANET, creating a configuration of complex networks and hosts that became known as the Internet. Today, more than 550 million host computers connect to the Internet.

2. What Are the Various Types of Internet Connections, and What Are the Differences between Broadband and Dial-Up Connections?
Many home and small business users opt to connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet connections. DSL (digital subscriber line) provides Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines. Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem. Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fi ber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access. Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via radio signals. A cellular radio network offers highspeed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems. A Wi-Fi network uses radio signals. Satellite Internet service provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite. Some homes and small businesses connect to the Internet with dial-up access. Dial-up access, which is slower-speed technology, takes place when the modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave) pattern.


3.What Are the Types of Internet Access Providers?
An access provider is a business that provides access to the Internet free or for a fee. An ISP (Internet service provider) is a regional or national access provider. An online service provider (OSP) provides Internet access in addition to members-only features. A wireless Internet service provider provides wireless Internet access to desktop and notebook computers and mobile devices with built-in wireless capabilities (such as Wi-Fi) or to computers using wireless modems or wireless access devices.

4. What Is the Purpose of an IP Address, and What Is Its Relationship to a Domain Name?
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. The Internet relies on IP addresses to send data to computers at specifi c locations. The IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a period. A domain name is the text version of an IP address.

5. What Is the Purpose of a Web Browser, and What Are the Components of a Web Address?
A Web browser, or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages or access Web 2.0 programs. With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser, which then retrieves and displays a starting Web page, sometimes called a home page. The home page usually contains links to other Web pages. A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page. A Web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or Web address. A Web address consists of a protocol, a domain name, and sometimes the path to a specifi c Web page or location on a Web page.

6. How Do You Use a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web, and What Is the Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory?
A search engine is a program that fi nds Web sites, Web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specifi c topic. To use a search engine, you enter a word or phrase, called search text or a search query, that describes the item you want to find. Each word in the search text is known as a keyword. The search engine displays a list of hits. When clicked, each hit displays an associated Web site or Web page. A subject directory classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories and related subcategories. By clicking links, you move through levels to display a list of Web pages about the desired topic.

7.What Are the Types of Web Sites?
A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single location. A news Web site contains newsworthy material. An informational Web site contains factual information. A business/marketing Web site promotes or sells products or services. A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. An online social network, or social networking Web site, encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users. An educational Web site offers avenues for teaching and learning. An entertainment Web site provides an interactive and engaging environment. An advocacy Web site describes a cause, opinion, or idea. A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser or any computer or device connected to the Internet. A content aggregator is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee. A personal Web site is maintained by a private individual or family.

8. How Do Web Pages Use Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug-Ins?
Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality. A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of full-motion images played back at various speeds. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate an environment that appears as three-dimensional space. A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends a browser’s capability to display multimedia elements.

9. What Are the Steps Required for Web Publishing?
Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages. The five major steps to Web publishing are: (1) plan a Web site, (2) analyze and design a Web site, (3) create a Web site, (4) deploy a Web site, and (5) maintain a Web site.

10. What Are the Types of E-Commerce?
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet. Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the sale of goods and services to the general public. Consumerto- consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such as in an online auction. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce takes place between businesses that exchange goods and services.

11. How Do E-Mail, Mailing Lists, Instant Messaging, Chat
Rooms, VoIP, Newsgroups and Message Boards, and FTP Work? E-mail (short for electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and fi les via a computer network. A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name, so that everyone on the list receives a message sent to the list. Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service that notifi es you when one or more people are online. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to conduct real-time typed conversations. VoIP (Voice over IP, or Internet Protocol), also called Internet telephony, enables users to speak to other users over the Internet, instead of the public switched telephone network. A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject. A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group that is easier to use than a newsgroup. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits fi le uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet.

12.What Are the Rules of Netiquette?
Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet. Netiquette rules include: keep messages short, be polite, avoid sending flames or spam, use emoticons and acronyms, clearly identify a spoiler, read the FAQ, do not assume material is accurate or up-to-date, and never read someone’s private e-mail.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

The assignment from
Mr Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

1. Why Is Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s World?

Computer literacy or digital literacy is an ability that having current knowledge and understanding of computer and their uses. The requirements that determine computer literacy change as technology changes. The reason why computer literacy vital in today’s world is because nowadays we can live without technology. All activities we do every day are connected to the technology. Chatting for instance, we usually use our gadget. It can be smartphone, using Android Operating System gadget and also our computer. We take one as the example, if you can’t turn the personal computer on, how could you chat with your chatting partner. That only one of the example, because computer’s function is not only for chatting. By using technology such as computer, we can earn money from that.   

2.What Is a Computer, and What Is the Relationship between Data and Information? 

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specifi ed rules, produce results and store the results for future use. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning
and is useful to people.

3. List and Describe the Five Components of a Computer.
The electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer, or hardware, include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices. An input device allows you to enter data or instructions into a computer. An output device convey information to one or more people. The system unit is a case that contains the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data. A storage device records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media. A communications device enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.

4. What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages That Users Experience When Working with Computers?
A user is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates. Computers have the advantages of speed, reliability, consistency, storage, and communications. They perform operations at incredibly fast speeds, are dependable and reliable, consistently generate error-free results, can store enormous amounts of data, and can share processing with other computers. Disadvantages of computers relate to health risks, the violation of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, and the impact on the environment.

5. What Is a Network, and What Are Its Benefits?

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media. Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information. Sharing resources saves time and money. The world’s largest computer network is the Internet.

6. How Are the Internet and World Wide Web Used?

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. People use the Internet to communicate with and meet other people; conduct research and access information and news; shop for goods and services; bank and invest; participate in online training; engage in entertaining activities; download music and videos; share information, photos, and videos; and access and interact with Web applications. The Web, short for World Wide Web, is a global library of documents containing information that is available to anyone connected to the Internet.

7. How Is System Software Different from Application Software?

Software, also called a program, is a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what actions to perform and how to perform them. System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. Two types of system software are the operating system, which coordinates activities among computer hardware devices, and utility programs, which perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assists them with personal tasks. Popular application software includes Web browsers, word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, and presentation software.

8. What Are the Differences among the Types, Sizes, and Functions in the Following Categories: Personal Computers (Desktop), Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices, Game Consoles, Servers, Mainframes, Supercomputers, and Embedded Computers?

Industry experts typically classify computers in seven categories: personal computers (desktop), mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers. A personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. A mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place, and a mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously and can store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information. A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer and is used for applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations. An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.

9. What Is the Role of Each Element in an Information System?

An information system combines hardware, software, data, people, and procedures to produce timely and useful information. People in an information technology (IT) department develop procedures for processing data. Following these procedures, people use hardware and software to enter the data into a computer. Software processes the data and directs the computer hardware to store changes on storage media and produce information in a desired form.

10. How Do the Various Types of Computer Users Interact with Computers?

Computer users can be separated into five categories: home user, small office/home office user, mobile user, power user, and enterprise user. A home user is a family member who uses a computer for a variety of reasons, such as budgeting and personal financial management, Web access, communications, and entertainment. A small office/home office (SOHO) includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed individual who works from home. SOHO users access the Internet to look up information and use basic business software and sometimes industry-specifi c software. Mobile users are employees and students who work on a computer while away from a main offi ce, home offi ce, or school. A power user uses a workstation or other powerful computer to work with industry-specifi c software. Power users exist in all types of businesses. An enterprise user works in or interacts with a company with many employees and uses a computer and computer network that processes high volumes of transactions in a single day.

11. How Does Society Use Computers in Education, Finance, Government, Health Care, Science, Publishing, Travel, and Manufacturing?

In education, students use computers and software to assist with learning or take distance learning classes. In fi nance, people use computers for online banking and online investing. Government offi ces have Web sites to provide citizens with up-to-date information, and government employees use computers as part of their daily routines. In health care, computers are used to maintain patient records, monitor patients, deliver medication to nurse stations via robots, assist with medical tests and research, correspond with patients, fi le insurance claims, provide greater precision during operations, and as implants. All branches of science use computers to assist with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data and to commu nicate with colleagues around the world. Publishers use computers to assist in designing pages and make the content of their works available online. Many vehicles use some type of online navigation system to help people travel more quickly and safely. Manufacturers use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to assist with manufacturing processes.